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Retinal proteins are the richest class of all photoreceptors including visual proteins, light-activated transporters and channels. Studies on visual rhodopsins have allowed us to develop a deep insight into light-induced conformational changes, charge transfer reactions, protein transfer reactions, and protein-bound water network rearrangements on timescales ranging from femtoseconds to minutes after light absorption, inactivation and reactivation with unprecedented accuracy in time and space. On the other hand, studies of microbial rhodopsins have unraveled the details of charge movement and proton/chloride transport along and against electrochemical gradients. The EMBO Conference on retinal protein will complement this understanding and extend it to novel transporters and channels for cations and anions, and to enzyme-rhodopsin with direct coupling of rhodopsin with an enzymatic unit. This conference will promote discussion and development of spectroscopic and structural technologies with high time resolution as time resolved UV/Vis-, Infrared-, and Raman-spectroscopy, NMR, ESR, X-ray, and bring these together with bimolecular simulations for the development of detailed dynamic models of photoreceptor operation. Novel rhodopsins will be promoted and their value for future studies discussed. These new insights into molecular processes will pave the ways for new applications in optogenetics, optotechnology and medicine. Topics: Prokaryotic rhodopsin, evolution and novel functional aspects Microbial rhodopsins, molecular details and application Channelrhodopsins Enzyme rhodopsins Invertebrate rhodopsin and non-visual pigments Vertebrate rhodopsins Rhodopsin-application, medical relevance Non-visual rhodopsin and synthetic photoreceptors