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The international conference "Advanced Materials with Hierarchical Structure for New Technologies and Reliable Structures" is a follow-up to the conferences on physical mesomechanics that have been held since 1996 on the initiative of Victor E. Panin, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the founder and first director of the Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science SB RAS. The current trend in materials science focuses on the development of fundamentally new approaches to the design of advanced materials for new production technologies, electronics, nuclear power engineering, oil and gas industry, medicine, transport, for near earth and deep space exploration, and so on. The strategy of materials science development is based on a multiscale interdisciplinary approach whose applicability is now becoming more and more obvious. This new paradigm is integrated into the methodology of mechanics, physics, chemistry, informatics, life sciences, geology, and other branches. Modern practical and engineering applications require that the multilevel, hierarchical organization of materials, structures, media, and systems of different origin must be taken into account. It has become conventional in advanced materials science to account for a number of levels of the hierarchically organized internal structure. In fact, the material must be considered today as a structural level of a product or structure. This enables an efficient exploitation of new opportunities offered by modern production technologies.