ИСТИНА

SOCIAL NETWORKS ARE EVEN MORE IMPORTANT IN A SHAPING OF ECONOMIC INTERACTIONS IN RUSSIA THAN IN EUROPE OR IN THE USA AND CANADA. THE VAST SPACES OF THE COUNTRY IN CONJUNCTION WITH RELATIVELY LOW INFRASTRUCTURAL AND INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT MAKE CONNECTIONS BETWEEN THE REGIONS MUCH MORE EXPENSIVE THAN IN EUROPE AND THE UNITED STATES. MOREOVER AS IT IS TYPICAL FOR COUNTRIES WITH ECONOMIES IN TRANSITION, RUSSIA IS CHARACTERIZED BY THE HIGH ROLE OF INFORMAL COMMUNICATIONS AND CONTRACTS. IT COMPELS ECONOMIC ACTORS TO USE THEIR SOCIAL CAPITAL TO REDUCE THEIR TRANSACTIONS COSTS. SO THE INVOLVEMENT OF CITY SOCIETY MEMBERS IN DIFFERENT SOCIAL NETWORKS FACILITATES THE ECONOMIC CONTACTS FOR THE CITY AS A WHOLE. SOCIAL NETWORKS SHAPE THE INTERCOMPANY CONTACTS, INNOVATION AND KNOWLEDGE FLOWS AND ALSO ACT ON THE LOCAL IDENTITY AND THE ADOPTION OF MODERN LIVING STANDARDS. THE STUDY IS BASED ON THE FIELD RESEARCH IN THE CITIES OF NORILSK, DUDINKA AND IGARKA USING QUALITATIVE METHODS AND A QUERY IN SCHOLS IN COMPARISION WITH OFFICIAL STATISTICS. THE PRIMARY HYPOTHESIS THAT MODERN MIGRATION FROM THE NORTH CONFIGURED BY SOCIAL NETWORKS WAS CONFIRMED HOWEVER ONLY PARTIALLY. ONLY ABOUT ONE-TENTH OF YOUNG PEOPLE, LEAVING FROM THE NORTH, CHOSE THE CITY TO MOVE TO BASED ON THEIR SOCIAL CAPITAL IN THIS CITY. THESE “ONE-TENTH” ARE PIMIRY CONSISTS FROM RECENT MIGRANTS TO THE NORTH, WHICH, AFTER SOME PERIOD OF STAY IN THE ARCTIC, RETURN TO THEIR FORMER PLACE OF RESIDENCE. ALSO IT WAS FOUND NOT ONLY CIRCULAR (AS EXPECTED), BUT THE SPIRAL TRAJECTORY OF THE FAMILY MOVEMENT THROUGH THE PATH “SOUTH-NORTH-SOUTH”. SUCH WAY OF MOVEMENT IS TYPICAL FOR FAMILIES WHOSE REPRESENTATIVES WERE INITIALLY MOVED TO THE ARCTIC FROM SMALL PERIPHERAL TOWNS AND VILLAGES. AFTER A PERIOD OF LIVING IN THE NORTH THEY (AND/OR THEIR CHILDREN) ARE RETURNED NOT TO THEIR NATIVE TOWN/VILLAGE, BUT TO THE LARGEST AND PRESTIGIOUS CITY IN THE SAME REGION. THE OTHER RESULT OF THE RESEARCH IS THE EFFECT OF "FOULING" OF SOCIAL NETWORKS BY THE OTHER TYPES OF PROXIMITY: THE SOCIAL RELATIONS REPEATEDLY "THICKEN" DUE TO THE RISE ON THEM INSTITUTIONAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL RELATIONSHIPS, AS WELL AS SPECIFIC MENTAL TYPES OF PROXIMITY. THE MENTAL PROXIMITY IS BASED ON THE SPIRIT PREFERENCE TO SOME OTHER GEOGRAPHIC FEATURES, USIALLY FORMING WITHIN THE NORTHERN CITY COMMUNITY. FOR EXAMPLE ST. PETERSBURG, THE SECOND RUSSIAN CITY, BECOMES MORE PREFERABLE THEN MOSCOW FOR THOSE WHO LIVE IN ARCTIC FOR A DOZEN OF YEARS OR MORE. FINALLY, ARCTIC ACTS AS A PLACE OF FORMATION OF NEW SOCIAL NETWORKS - AND THEY DETERMINE THE MIGRATION BEHAVIOR OF THE FAMILIES WHO HAVE LIVED IN THE ARCTIC FOR A LONG TIME INSTEAD OF THEIR “OLD” SOCIAL TIES INCLUDING NATIONAL.