ИСТИНА

The first ecological condition rating of all Russian cities and towns is based on the anthropogenic impact intensity integrated index calculation, including air pollution, water sources, solid waste, thermal and radiation pollution. The integral index of anthropogenic impact intensity was calculated for all 1100 cities of Russia. There is a comparative ecological analysis of the extent to which cities and towns determine the ecological situation in their regions. The main factors of anthropogenic impact change were identified for different population classes. In the article, there are elaborations of new methods for integral estimation of anthropogenic impact level in cities and towns based on indexes comparable for all territorial levels and calculated for real polluted areas in consideration with the scale and impact intensity. Integrated indicator of anthropogenic influence has a synergistic effect, reflecting the scale and change of the territorial structure of the entire complex effects to asymmetric distribution of the population. Russian cities differ greatly in terms of human impact, the structure of the integral index is very diverse, even within the same group. Results of the study highlight the factors that increase the contrast of human impact in the cities - the contamination and distribution of waste varying degrees of danger, and leveling factors - water, air, thermal effects, and the level of accomplishment. In contrast from regions, cities differentiation index scale of human impact is lower than in intensity.