ИСТИНА

In 2002 and 2011 we carried out a bioremediation of two polar bogs polluted with accidental crude oil with application of the oil-degradation preparation Rhoder on surfaces of the bogs and the subsequent phytoremediation with a Paw-humus or the humate “Extra”. In preliminary laboratory experiments the Paw-humus had positive impact on a degradation of aromatic hydrocarbons and the subsequent phytoremediation by Avena sativa and Timothy-grasses. In 2002 (Komi Republic) on a site of ~ 2000 m2 the Paw-humus was applied only once with the Rhoder (three times) on the surface of the oil polluted bog. In parallel with the Rhoder some other oil-degradation preparations were applied on the same bog, but without application of the Paw-humus. During the cold and rainy summer 2002 (1.5 months) the level of oil pollution on the site, where the Paw-humus and the Rhoder were applied, was decreased by 20-51%, depending on the initial concentration of oil (458-738 g/kg of dry matter (DM)). During 2003 and 2004, the Rhoder and the Paw-humus didn't apply any more. Nevertheless, the site was covered by 85% and 95% with a green grasses at the end of August, 2003 and 2004, respectively. And the level of oil contamination was additionally decreased by 29 and 35%, respectively. Most brightly influence of the Paw-humus was shown in analysis of green materials and roots sowed earlier plants in comparison with other preparations and methods of bioremediation. In 2011 (the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District) a site about of 0,8 hectares on a bog divided by high hummocks into two half and high polluted with accidental oil spill that spring was chosen for bioremediation with the Rhoder. On hummocks, which practically didn't suffer from the oil spill, the typical marsh vegetation remained: moss, cloudberries, Labrador tea. Seeds of plants were seeded after triple application of the Rhoder on a both half of the bog. As a result the concentration of oil was decreased from 32% to 98% depending on the initial concentration of oil in the layers of moss 0-10 cm and 10-25 cm. After the third introduction of the Rhoder the seeds of Avena sativa and mix of long-term herbs treated and not treated with humate "Extra" had been sown in aim to determine the phytotoxicity of moss and for phytoremediation. The humate treated seeds were sown on the right side of the bog and not treated seeds were sown on the left side. Two small plots on the right and on the left sides of the bog were allocated and covered with non-woven fabric. Six weeks later the seeds (treated and not treated with the humate) did not germinated on places of bog with very high level of oil contamination. In areas where contamination of oil was below 800-900 g/kg DM, the seeds of Avena sativa not treated with the humate grew to 10 cm and the seeds of mix long-term herbs practically didn't ascend. On the right half of the site, all seeds treated with the humate "Extra" ascend, especially seeds of the long-term herbs. Seedlings of grass mixture reached lengths of 7 cm and had a strong sod. On the plot of the right half of the site under non-woven fabric it was the same. On the left half of the site, where the seeds were not treated with the humate, seedlings of Avena sativa grew mostly under the non-woven fabric. Avena sativa and long-term herbs grew well in places where the level of oil contamination was low. The obtained results showed that the Paw-humus and humate containing humic substances and fulvic acids have a positive effect on the germination and striking roots of the long-term herbs and other grasses that were used for bio- and phytoremediation of soils and moss polluted with oil.