ИСТИНА

Astrophysical sources of information about distant objects in the Universe may be: primary protons, gamma rays and neutrinos. But at energies greater than a few TeV photons interact with infrared and microwave background. Protons and electrons due to their electric charge are affected by magnetic fields in space and cannot allow us determining their trajectory from a source to the Earth. Neutrinos have a very low cross section and provide us information about distant sources with negligible distortions - their direction remains almost unchanged. It distinguishes neutrinos from other elementary particles as the unique messengers. This fact is one of the most significant differences between neutrino detection and registration of photons and high-energy protons. Cherenkov radiation began to be in common use for detection of ultrahigh-energy neutrinos in the early 90-ies of the last century. The result was creation of a new class of systems — large volume deep-see neutrino telescopes. Since 2005 an MSU scientific group consisting of employees, graduate students and students of the Faculty of Physics and SINP participates in the work for designing, creation and data processing on the large volume neutrino telescopes in such projects as NEMO, ANTARES and KM3Net. Now main efforts of the scientific work conducted by the group are aimed at the following questions: -development and creation of new types of optical modules for photomultipliers on neutrino telescopes; -a new algorithm for finding supernovae and other astrophysical objects of this type using neutrino detection was developed; -the work for searching neutrinos from the recently discovered gamma-ray phenomena so-called "Fermi bubbles" which cause the luminescence in the galactic plane; -the work in modeling various configurations of optical modules for KM3Net(It) neutrino telescope; -the work on a possible acoustic detection of astrophysical neutrinos.