ИСТИНА

Supernovae are an important subject of research, because in the process of thermonuclear synthesis they form the diversity of the chemical elements that make up the rest of the objects in the universe. Their study helps to understand better the evolution of matter in the universe. The relevance of the study of these objects supports the recent discovery of the accelerated expansion of the universe, made as a result of the study of supernovae. Observations, processing and analysis of the data obtained were made of supernova 2013ej (type IIP) and 2014J (type Ia). As a result of observations there were made plots the light curves, the analysis of which allowed to calculate the following physical parameters: bolometric luminosity, bolometric correction, the mass ejected in the explosion of a nickel, the explosion energy, the mass of the ejected shell radius of the star - the progenitor, the temperature distribution and the radius of the photosphere, depending on the time, estimate of the distance to the supernova. Both supernovae have shown a fairly high degree of polarization, which may indicate a large asymmetry of the explosion. References: 1. K. Maguire, E. Di Carlo,S. J. Smartt, A. Pastorello,A. A. Arkharov, V.M. Larionov, S. Valenti. Optical and near infrared coverage of SN 2004et: physical parameters and comparison with other type IIP supernovae. // Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 2:981-1004, (2010). 2. Mario Hamuy. Type II Supernovae as Standardized Candles. // The Astrophysical Journal, 2:63-65, (2002). 3. D. Andrew Howell, Peter Hoflich, Lifan Wang, J. Craig Wheeler. Evidence for Asphericity in a Subluminous Type Ia Supernova: Spectropolarimetry of SN 1999by. // The Astrophysical Journal, v.556, 1:302-321, (2001).