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The problem of environmental protection in Russia is rather serious,especially in oil and gas industry. The key to the solution of this issue may be found in using ecological insurance – economic tool for the environmental protection. One of the problems in the implementation of environmental insurance mechanisms is the lack of statistical data on environmental pollution that would allow insurers to assess the probability and scale of losses correctly and develop adequate insurance tariffs. Therefore, an urgent task is to assess the extent of pollution during an oil spill using economic and mathematical modeling.