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The State Bank of the Russian Empire was founded in the process of reorganization of Russia’s entire banking system in the 1820s (almost two centuries ago). It Was established when capitalism was taking root in the Russian Empire and its creation was the first of the “great reforms” of the 1860s. Considerable state interference in the economy, necessitated by the specific conditions of Russia’s economic development, predetermined the genesis of the State Bank as an institutional element of the government’s policy. Work of the Bank of Russia in 2017 on the whole range of directions activities was aimed at improving the quality and accessibility of financial services for the population and business, the growth of sustainability financial institutions and the strengthening of citizens' trust to the financial system. This policy will be pursued by the Bank of Russia and in the future. The banking system of Russia entered in 2018, while maintaining stability and leaving on a growth trajectory.