ИСТИНА

The occurrence of static electricity on the surface of dielectric polymers can be dangerous in various areas of human life. The resulting electrical discharge can cause fire and explosion of flammable substances, lead to breakdown of various electronic devices, etc. It is known that electrization of polymers can be reduced by adding of additives that improve their surface conductivity. Special nanomodifiers creating conductive bridges in polymers with low electrical conductivity are proposed to be used as such additives. However, the introduction of additives in a large volume leads to a deterioration in the physico-mechanical properties of the modified polymers. Modification of a thin surface layer of polymers is promising. In the present work, an ultrathin layer of a conducting polymer, polyaniline (PANi), was used to modify the surface of polyethylene films in order to obtain elastic antistatic films. For this purpose, before the synthesis of PANi, fragments of polyacrylic, polystyrenesulfonic acids, and their mixture were grafted onto the surface of polyethylene films. Synthesis of PANi on the modified polyethylene films was studied by optical spectroscopy. The autocatalytic character of this process was proved. It is established that in the case of grafted polyacrylic acid, the synthesis of PANi occurs only with the addition of hydrochloric acid. It is shown that partial or complete replacement of grafted polyacrylic acid by polystyrenesulfonic acid in polyethylene films leads to an increase in the PANi synthesis rate. Optimal synthesis conditions for obtaining homogeneous films were defined. The electrical characteristics of the obtained materials were measured. The applicability of the proposed method to create antistatic coatings stable to chemical and mechanical influence was shown. The proposed method is also suitable for application of antistatic coatings on the inner surface of polymer containers of complex shape