ИСТИНА

Traumatic eye damage and neurodegenerative processes often lead to visual impairment and blindness . The low regenerative potential of the tissues of the central nervous system and the retina, in particular, raises the issue of choosing ways for functional restoration, including: cell substitution therapy, cell reprogramming and induction of regeneration . The main sources of cnS regeneration are permanently multipotent neural stem cells and latent progenitors, capable of dedifferentiating and reprogramming under the influence of pathological signals . In the neural retina of the eye, latent progenitors include muller glia cells . we assume that pigment epithelium cells (Pe), which normally play a key role in the life support of photoreceptors and neurons, have the same properties, and in human pathology (for example, proliferative vitreoretinopathy), Pe is reprogrammed into fibroblast-like cells that cause visual impairment and blindness . we studied these processes on an in vitro model and showed that human Pe cells dedifferentiate (reduce the expression of RPE65, CRALBP), activate pluripotency genes (SOX2, OCT4, NANOG) and acquire the ability to differentiate not only in mesenchymal but also in mesenchymal on the neural path (Musashi, PAX6) . To activate neural differentiation, the effect of bfgf on the reprogramming of Pe cells in arPe-19 cells was studied . after the addition of bfgf, an increase in the expression of Klf4 mrna and a decrease in mrna expression of PAX6, MITF and OTX2-specific Pe cell markers were noted . The highest expression of Klf4 mrna was observed 72 hours after the action of bfgf, whereupon it dropped sharply, which was accompanied by a threefold increase in mrna expression of βIII tubulin, a neural marker . Immunocytochemically it was shown that under the influence of bfgf, some cells retained epithelial properties and stained with connexin 43, while the other had long axon-like processes and stained for βIII tubulin, which indicates a transdifferentiation along the neural pathway . Thus, despite the dominance of epithelial features, arPe-19 cells demonstrate multipotency and, under the influence of bfgf, modulate KLF4 and show proneural properties, suggesting that they are likely to belong to latent cnS progenitors .