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Biodiversity of the planet is the most important irreplaceable resource, that needs protection. Protection is executed on two levels: population-species level and ecosystem level. On population-species level the identification of species in need of protection is made and the “Red Data Books” are developed. On ecosystem level organization of Protected territories is executed. On those territories the impact of economic activity is absent or limited. The area of Protected territories must be 1/3 of the whole planet territory according to UNESCO recommendations.