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The state of land erosion in Russia is described. It is shown that the modern period is characterized by decrease in the overall rates and volumes of erosion, especially in boreal areas, due to the abandonment of arable land due as a result of the economic downturn of 1990-2000. At present, concerning the forecast scenarios of climate change, the growth of water and wind erosion is expected, especially in the southern part of the agricultural area of Russia. The forecast of soil erosion associated with changes in spring snowmelt linked with the climate change remains still an unclear component.