ИСТИНА

The widespread use of pesticides is a necessary reality, as only in Russia chemical plant protection products retain crops worth up to 134 billion rubles. At the same time, etching is considered one of the environmentally friendly methods of protecting plants from diseases and pests of crops. One of the ways to increase the efficiency and safety of the etching method is to improve the assortment of pesticides, aimed at improving their sanitary, hygienic and environmental characteristics, high efficiency in combination with the leveling of toxic effects on the environment. Improving the etching efficiency and preventing the formation of pathogen resistance to pathogens in pathogens was achieved through the use of combined preparations with multifaceted fungicidal activity. In this aspect, we offered protectants obtained in two alternative ways: - on the basis of mechanochemical modification of active substances (AI) of known fungicides (tebuconazole, imazalil, metalaxyl, prochlorase, carbendazim, thiram, etc.) using plant metabolites (arabinogalactan, glycyrrhizic acid derivatives). In this case, preparations were obtained in the form of solid dispersions, which formed supramolecular complexes with increased solubility and biological efficiency with a decrease in the dosage of AI of the initial fungicides; - by suspending of AI preparations in grinders with controlled energy intensity in the aqueous medium of polysaccharides (in particular, kelp) without the use of traditional formative components. The resulting suspension forms can be recommended for practical use. The approaches proposed by us made it possible to develop multicomponent protectants with a wide spectrum of biological action. So, the dressing of crops with the preparations proposed in the work allowed 60-100% to limit the manifestation of seed infection, 30-80% - primary aerogenic, soil and contained in plant residues. At the same time, an increase in the yield of spring wheat by 0.2-0.3 t / ha was observed. Biological tests of the preparations we developed with respect to causative agents of dry rot during storage and black scab of potato during the growing season showed a decrease in the number of ill dry rot tubers by 1.6-2.0 times in comparison with the control variant, and also significantly reduced the development of the disease in sprouting period 5.8-7.3 times, and in the bud-formation - the beginning of blooming 2.7-5.5 times. The complex effect of protectants on the development of the disease, development and growth of potato plants led to an increase in crop productivity by 1.7- 2.3 t / ha.