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Genetic diversity of the genus Eteone, Savigny, 1820 (Phyllodocidae) was studied using mitochondrial (COI, 16S) and nuclear (28S) markers. The material was obtained mostly from the White Sea but also included specimens from the Sea of Okhotsk, the Barents Sea, the Norwegian Sea, the North Sea, the Greenland Sea and the West coast of Africa. The study discovered six monophyletic clades of Eteone from the White Sea and more than 19 clades altogether among the examined material. Morphological study revealed five morphotypes in the White Sea differing in the shape of the prostomium, parapodia, dorsal and ventral cirri and in the structure of the proboscis. Previously only two species of Eteone (E. flava and E. longa) were reported from the White Sea. The obtained results suggest that the genus Eteone requires further revision including the use of genetic data in the study area and worldwide. The Russian Fund for Basic Researches supports this study (19-04-00501, 18-05-60158).