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Quantification of adverse particulate pollution is a serious problem in less-industrialized countries where environmental protection is low. Adverse health effects of air pollution and environment impacts of combustion aerosols are remaining underestimated, with a big concern in highly populated areas during dry season. Major primary national emission source of biomass burning is assessed by monitoring and characterization of smoke pollution arising due traditional agriculture activities on the fields in the Asian region of the biggest biomass burning over the world. Measurement campaigns were performed in Son La and BaVi provinces, Vietnam, during the dry season of 2013 and 2015 (Popovicheva et al., 2016). PM and BC monitoring, sampling, chemical speciation, and individual particle characterization of adverse particulate constitutes were conducted to evaluate ambient smoke level, to relate the characteristics of local on-field emissions to regional aerosols, and to identify the bulk components of smoke and its microstructure.