ИСТИНА

Modern regenerative medicine has a great need in resorbable bioactive composite materials for bone implants. Biodegradable polymers (polycaprolactone (PCL), polylactide (PLA)) filled with resorbable calcium phosphate (with the ratio Ca/P ≤ 1.5, e.g., amorphous mixed-anionic and tricalcium phosphates) can serve as such implants. Imperative feature of the materials is specific macroporous architecture (osteoconductivity) created by 3D-printing. In the case of thermal extrusion technique of 3D-printing (or, fused deposition modeling – FDM™), it is necessary to fabricate composite cords polymer/calcium phosphate filler with uniform distribution of phosphate particles inside thermoplastic prior to printing and to elaborate printing regimes. Another thrust of problems is structured around hydrophobicity of the vast majority of the polymers and, therefore, the need in modification of their surface. The aim of this work is to create bioactive macroporous composites based on calcium phosphate and biopolymers, as well as ceramic implants of predetermined complex shape, based on the mixed anionic calcium phosphates. The tasks of the work included 380 (i) synthesis and physico-chemical studies of amorphous (Ca9(PO4)6xH2O, ACP) and amorphous mixed anionic (Ca3-x(P2O7)x(P6O18)1-x, x = 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, maACP) calcium phosphates, (ii) fabrication multiphase dense bioceramics based on maACP, (iii) 3D-printing of macroporous biocomposites (β-TCP/poly(ε-caprolactone), β-TCP/poly(D,L-lactide) for bone implantation, and (iv) modification of the composite surface.