ИСТИНА

SUMMARY Economic activity in the industrial era (conventionally, since 1850) has led to a significant enrichment of the atmosphere with greenhouse gases: CO2, CH4, N2O, etc. The increase in the content of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere has strengthened the natural, basic greenhouse effect that led to a warming of the climate in the near-surface layer. The observed global warming from the beginning of the industrial era to the present time is about 1оС. The warming that has been observed since the middle of the 20th century is mainly due to the anthropogenic enhancement of the greenhouse effect. Climate change has manifested not only in the thermal regime and precipitation, but also in other parameters of the climate system, including occurrence of extreme hydro-meteorological events. All this is observed in Northern Eurasia, including Russia. The consequences of climate changes observed and projected for the 21st century for natural and economic systems in Russia could be both negative and positive. For assessment of them and informed balancing of mitigation and adaptation efforts, detailed research studies are needed.