ИСТИНА

We investigated patterns of the evolution of vertebrates communication systems. These systems are subdivided into two groups corresponding to different levels of development of communication systems: motivation signals and referential signals. For motivation signals demonstrations proclaim the level of motivation and the subsequent behavior of the animal. For referential signals demonstration have the external reference and reflect different problematic situations that generated in the interaction. They are «names» of these problematic situations and behavioral programs that resolve given situation. Motivation signals "force" to the reactions necessary for the next stage of the process. Referential signals allow freedom of choice, they are arbitrary signs structurally and functionally. We describe the evolutionary benefits of moving from the former to the latter in different phylogenetic lineages. These benefits make releasers of ancestral species transformed into the specialized system of signs that support information exchange in the same context and with the aid of homologous demonstrations. Classical ethologists wrote ritualization as the transformation of expressive animal actions (caused by excitation due to the specific situation) in specific signal helps to resolve this situation or behave in it more effective. They wrote about this process as an one-piece, but we believe that it is two-part. The first step is ritualization movements of the animal - the transformation of expressive action in the demonstration, and the organization of demonstrations in rows along the respective motivational typological gradients, so that different demonstration series reflect the different levels of anxiety, fear, aggression, sexual arousal of the animal in relation to the situation. So there is system of motivation signals. This is ritualization in the strictly sense of the word. In the second stage ("signification") semanticize of mime gestures occurs , its impact on the partner gives way to informing. The rows of demonstrations are converted to the "language" (semiotic system serving purposes of data exchange in context of communication). Every single demonstration transformed into a sign, structurally and semantically opposed signs arising on the basis of other demonstrations from this row. So there is system of referential signals.