ИСТИНА

Sustainable soil and landscape management and protection require complete, accurate, detailed and relevant soil and landscape information (SLI), including information on soil-forming conditions. However, current SLI is very heterogeneous, non-harmonized, and sometimes contradictory. The reason for this, among other things, is the fact that maps containing SLI are created in different coordinate systems, at different scales and, most importantly, using different geographic and classification bases. The comparison, exchange and analysis of such information is difficult; consequently, its global (comprehensive) integration, that is, merging into a single system, is necessary. The building blocks of global SLI integration are thematic, time, spatial, geographic, horizontal and vertical integration. · Thematic integration is the creating of a universal (global, basic, unified) classification system of soils and landscapes. · Time integration is the unification of information about the development and evolution of soils and landscapes; this is part of thematic integration. · Spatial integration is the converting spatial data on soils and landscapes of a certain scale range to a base coordinate system. · Geographic integration is the binding of spatial data on soils and landscapes of a certain scale range to a single geographic base (that is, a set of elements of general geographic content of a map). · Horizontal integration is the creating of a global map containing SLI at a certain scale range. · Vertical integration is the creating of multiscale global maps containing SLI at all scale ranges. All listed building blocks of global SLI integration are interconnected and, therefore, should be carried out within the framework of a single project. A universal classification system of soils and landscapes should be conceptual, hierarchical, natural, and evolutionary and relate soil properties and classes to soil-forming conditions. The Soil-Landscape Classification System (SLCS) is proposed as a prototype of such a classification system. To create it, an interdisciplinary approach is used, including the systems approach, contemporary theories of classification, fundamental concepts of soil science and landscape science (first of all, the definition of soils given by V.V. Dokuchaev), as well as GIS technologies. The SLCS is created online as a multi-user using the instrumented system, which allows you to enter, store, view, structure and analyse SLI without writing additional programs. A demo version of the SLCS is currently available on a specially designed website (https://slcs-2021.ru). Currently, the most developed branch of the SLCS is the following branch: 1 (Natural landscapes) - 2 (Landscapes with a stable vertical structure) - 10 (Landscapes with soils / Soils) - 12 (Terrestrial landscapes / Terrestrial soils) - 14 (Plain landscapes / Plain soils) - 21 (South taiga boreal forest landscapes / South taiga boreal forest soils) - 30 (Non-peat landscapes / Mineral soils) - 32 (Landscapes on loose parent rocks / Well-developed soils) - 34 (Non-eluvial landscapes / Non-eluvial soils) - 36 (Non-stony landscapes / Non-stony soils) - 39 (Loam and clay landscapes / Loam and clay soils) - 62 (Non-calcareous landscapes / Non-calcareous soils) - 64 (Landscapes on covering loams and clays / Soils on covering loams and clays). The SLCS is the basis of legends of multiscale soil-landscape maps, defined as a system of interconnected maps of all scale ranges, containing integrated SLI and displaying soils not only as independent bodies (systems), but, above all, as derived elements of landscapes, or landscape systems. These maps, in turn, are viewed as a single basis of a hierarchical decision-making system for the sustainable soil and landscape management and protection at all levels - from global to local. // This work was supported by Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Soil Science [number of state assignment AAAA-A15- 115122810146-4]; Institute of Geography RAS, Moscow [number of state assignment AAAA-A19-119022190168-8]; and Central Economics and Mathematics Institute RAS, Moscow [number of state assignment AAAA-A18-118021490103-0]