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We have shown for the first time that SERS opens up new possibilities for the sensitive, express and simple detection of some of the most hazardous ecotoxicants – phenol, chlorophenols, alkylphenols, and naphthols. In the current research, we have created a unique approach, which significantly improves metrological characteristics of determination of the target analytes and expands the range of molecules available for SERS detection. We have also proved the possibility of SERS detection of the isomeric phenolic compounds in their bicomponent solutions with the detection limit of 0.3 uM. Hence, the proposed modified nanostructured silver SERS sensors2 can be successfully applied for the environmental control and enable rapid and simple determination of phenols, chlorophenols, alkylphenols, and naphthols in complex mixtures with extra sensitivity and selectivity.