ИСТИНА

This review of current literature is intended to identify and discuss psychophysiological and technological factors affecting the neurofeedback effectiveness. Here we will discuss 3 groups of factors related to various aspects of the effectiveness of neurofeedback: (1) the initial psychophysiological state of the patient (including neurophysiological and neurobiological endophenotypes, situational psychological state); (2) the technique of performing the neurofeedback procedure (conditions for providing feedback, the duration of the neurofeedback session,; (3) general non-specific (including the general benefits of cognitive training, as well as psychosocial effects such as response to placebo Identification of the factors influencing the effectiveness of NFT will serve for a deeper understanding of the mechanisms of voluntary modification of physiological processes. It may also be useful for a more optimal organization of training of cognitive and affective functions. It’s possible to divide the mechanisms driving experimental outcomes into five bins: neurofeedback-specific (related to training a target neurophysiological variable), neurofeedback-nonspecific (dependent on the neurofeedback context, but independent from the act of controlling a particular brain signal), general nonspecific (including the common benefits of cognitive training as well as psychosocial influences, such as placebo responding), repetition related (e.g., test re-test improvement), and natural (e.g., spontaneous remission, cognitive development) (Micoulaud-Franchi & Fovet, 2018). THE DIFFICULTIES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF EFFICIENT NFB-BASED THERAPIES ARE ROOTED IN THE INSUFFICIENT UNDERSTANDING OF THE PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF NFB, ISSUES RELATED TO ERGONOMICS, PROBLEMS IN SIGNAL PROCESSING