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The FAO Ex-ACT tool was applied for the calculate the carbon balance in the agro-ecosystems of Tajikistan. This method allows to make decisions on the use of low-carbon (low-emission) technologies in the agricultural sector. There were studied about 800 micro-projects implemented by local communities in the three macro-regions: Moist and semi-dry highlands; Moist foothills, and Dry downlands. It is shown that the Ex-Act can successfully define the groups of sustainable land management mini-projects by using the "carbon balance" criterion. According to this criterion the activities implemented by local communities in the highlands, are 10 times more effective than those in the lowlands. The highest specific efficiency for the formation of carbon stocks in soils and of the long-term sequestration in the above-ground biomass (per unit area) is typical for pasture management projects, horticulture, and deforestation control. Infrastructure projects (roads, greenhouses, etc.), on the contrary, contribute to increased CO2 emissions and necessarily require appropriate compensatory measures.