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Activity of human cholinesterases can be reduced due to some diseases, pathologies and intoxications. Since thiocholine is a hydrolysis product of human cholinesterases, its accumulation can represent enzymatic status in organism. Therefore the determination of thiocholine with high accuracy is of great importance for clinical diagnostics. The new silver SERS-substrate for thiocholine was discovered, characterized and explored. This new SERS-substrate can be used for submicromolar thiocholine detection and for cholinesterase activity detection. This technique allows determination of cholinesterase activity both in the buffer and the blood.