ИСТИНА

Title: Electromagnetic neutrinos: The basic interaction processes and constraints from laboratory experiments and astrophysics. Author: Alexander Studenikin (Moscow State University) Abstract: We continue our discussions [1-5] about the electromagnetic properties of neutrinos and present an updated review on this topic. We start with a short introduction to the derivation of the general structure of the electromagnetic form factors of Dirac and Majorana neutrinos. A special credit is done to severe constraints on µν , qν and <rν2> [6-10]. The best reactor [6] and solar [7] neutrino and astrophysical [11,12] bounds on µν, as well as bounds on qν from the reactor neutrinos [8] are included in the recent issues of the Review of Particle Physics (PRD). The best astrophysical bound on qν [13], the most severe astrophysical bound on µν [14] and new results on µν and qν of the CONUS experiment [15] are reviewed. In more recent studies [16] it is shown that the results of the XENON1T collaboration [17] at few keV electronic recoils could be due to the scattering of solar neutrinos endowed with finite Majorana transition µν of the strengths lie within the limits set by the Borexino experiment with solar neutrinos [7]. The comprehensive analysis of the existing and new extended mechanisms for enhancing neutrino transition µν to the level appropriate for the interpretation of the XENON1T data and leaving neutrino masses within acceptable values is provided in [18]. Considering neutrinos from all known sources, including data from XENON1T and Borexino, the strongest up-to-date exclusion limits on the active-to-sterile neutrino transition µν are derived in [19] . A comprehensive analisys of constraints on neutrino qν from experiments of elastic neutrino-electron interaction and future prospects involving coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering is presented in [20]. We present results of the recent detailed study [21] of the electromagnetic interactions of massive neutrinos in the theoretical formulation of low-energy elastic neutrino-electron scattering. Using results of [21], on the basis of the COHERENT data [9] new bounds on the neutrino charge radii are obtained [10]. The obtained constraints on the nondiagonal neutrino charge radii [10] have been included by the Editors of Phys. Rev. D to “Highlights of 2018”, and has been included by the PDG to the Review of Particle Physics. The main manifestation of neutrino electromagnetic interactions, such as: 1) the radiative decay in vacuum, in matter and in a magnetic field, 2) the neutrino Cherenkov radiation, 3) the plasmon decay to neutrino-antineutrino pair, 4) the neutrino spin light in matter, and 5) the neutrino spin and spin-flavour precession are discussed. Phenomenological consequences of neutrino electromagnetic interactions (including the spin light of neutrino [22]) in astrophysical environments are also reviewed. We also discuss: 1) new effects in neutrino spin, spin-flavour and flavor oscillations under in the transversal matter currents [23, 24] and magnetic field [25,26], 2) our newly developed approach to the problem of the neutrino quantum decoherence [27] and 3) also our recent proposal [28] for an experimental setup to observe coherent elastic neutrino-atom scattering (CEνAS) using antineutrinos from tritium decay and a liquid helium target (the predicted sensitivity to µν is 7×10−13μB). In [29] we investigate effects of non-zero Dirac and Majorana CP violating phases on neutrino-antineutrino oscillations ν e ↔ ν¯e, νe ↔ ν¯µ and νe ↔ ν¯τ in a magnetic field of astrophysical environments (the results are of interest for future experiments JUNO, DUNE and Hyper-Kamiokande). In the talk we also trace, following the latest studies [30], how the search for neutrino magnetic and electric moments in low-energy neutrino scattering experiments are sensitive to the Hamiltonian fundamental parameters. In our resent paper [31], we solved the problem of neutrinos propagation in matter which moves in an arbitrary direction relative to the direction of neutrino propagation. We also comment on the most recent analysis and corresponding most stringent laboratory bounds on the ν e millicharged and magnetic moment obtained from the analysis of the recent data of the XENONnT [32] and LUX-ZEPELIN [33] experiments on scattering of solar neutrinos on electrons. The best world experimental bounds on neutrino electromagnetic properties are confronted with the predictions of theories beyond the Standard Model. [1] A. Studenikin, Neutrino magnetic moment: A window to new physics, Nucl.Phys.B Proc.Suppl, 188 (2009) 220. [2] C. Guinti and A. Studenikin, Neutrino electromagnetic interactions: A window to new physics, Rev. Mod. Phys. 87 (2015) 531-591. [3] C. Giunti, K. Kouzakov, Y. F. Li, A. Lokhov, A. Studenikin, S. Zhou, Electromagnetic neutrinos in laboratory experiments and astrophysics, Annalen Phys. 528 (2016) 198. [4] A. Studenikin, Neutrino electromagnetic interactions: A window to new physics - II, PoS EPS-HEP2017 (2017) 137. [5] A. Studenikin, Electromagnetic neutrino properties: new constraints and new effects, PoS ICHEP2020 (2021)180. [6] A. Beda, V. Brudanin, V. Egorov et al., The results of search for the neutrino magnetic moment in GEMMA experiment , Adv. High Energy Phys. 2012 (2012) 350150. [7] M. Agostini et al (Borexino coll.), Limiting neutrino magnetic moments with Borexino Phase-II solar neutrino data, Phys. Rev. D 96 (2017) 091103. [8] A. Studenikin, New bounds on neutrino electric millicharge from limits on neutrino magnetic moment, Europhys. Lett. 107 (2014) 21001. [9] D. Papoulias, T. Kosmas, COHERENT constraints to conventional and exotic neutrino physics, Phys. Rev. D 97 (2018) 033003. [10] M. Cadeddu, C. Giunti, K. Kouzakov, Y.F. Li, A. Studenikin, Y.Y. Zhang, Neutrino charge radii from COHERENT elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering, Phys. Rev. D 98 (2018) 113010. [11] N. Viaux, M. Catelan, P. B. Stetson, G. G. Raffelt et al., Particle-physics constraints from the globular cluster M5: neutrino dipole moments, Astron. & Astrophys. 558 (2013) A12. [12] S. Arceo-Díaz, K.-P. Schröder, K. Zuber and D. Jack, Constraint on the magnetic dipole moment of neutrinos by the tip-RGB luminosity in ω-Centauri, Astropart. Phys. 70 (2015) 1. [13] A. Studenikin, I. Tokarev, Millicharged neutrino with anomalous magnetic moment in rotating magnetized matter, Nucl. Phys. B 884 (2014) 396-407. [14] F. Capozzi and G. Raffelt, Axion and neutrino bounds improved with new calibrations of the tip of the red-giant branch using geometric distance determinations, Phys.Rev.D 102 (2020) 083007, arXiv:2007.03694v4 (24 Mar 2021). [15] H. Bonet et al. (CONUS Collaboration), First limits on neutrino electromagnetic properties from the CONUS experiment, Eur.Phys.J. C 82.9 (2022): 813. [16] O. G. Miranda, D. K. Papoulias, M. Tórtola, J. W. F. Valle, XENON1T signal from transition neutrino magnetic moments , Phys.Lett. B 808 (2020) 135685. [17] E. Aprile et al. [XENON], Observation of excess electronic recoil Events in XENON1T, Phys. Rev. D 102 (2020) 072004. [18] K. Babu, S. Jana, M. Lindner, Large neutrino magnetic moments in the light of recent experiments, JHEP 2010 (2020) 040. [19] V. Brdar, A. Greljo, J. Kopp, T. Opferkuch, The neutrino magnetic moment portal: Cosmology, astrophysics, and direct detection, JCAP01 (2021) 039. [20] A. Parada, Constraints on neutrino electric millicharge from experiments of elastic neutrino-electron interaction and future experimental proposals involving coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering, Adv.High Energy Phys. 2020 (2020) 5908904. [21] K. Kouzakov, A. Studenikin, Electromagnetic properties of massive neutrinos in low-energy elastic neutrino-electron scattering, Phys. Rev. D 95 (2017) 055013. [22] A. Grigoriev, A. Lokhov, A. Studenikin, A. Ternov, Spin light of neutrino in astrophysical environments, JCAP 1711 (2017) 024 (23 p.). [23] A. Studenikin, Neutrinos in electromagnetic fields and moving media, Phys. At. Nucl. 67 (2004) 993. [24] P. Pustoshny, A. Studenikin, Neutrino spin and spin-flavour oscillations in transversal matter currents with standard and non-standard interactions, Phys. Rev. D 98 (2018) 113009. [25] A. Popov, A. Studenikin, Neutrino eigenstates and flavour, spin and spin-flavour oscillations in a constant magnetic field, Eur. Phys. J. C 79 (2019) 144. [26] P. Kurashvili, K. Kouzakov, L. Chotorlishvili, A. Studenikin, Spin-flavor oscillations of ultrahigh-energy cosmic neutrinos in interstellar space: The role of neutrino magnetic moments”, Phys. Rev. D 96 (2017) 103017. [27] K. Stankevich, A. Studenikin, Neutrino quantum decoherence engendered by neutrino radiative decay, Phys. Rev. D 101 (2020) 056004. [28] M. Cadeddu, F. Dordei, C. Giunti, K. Kouzakov, E. Picciau, A. Studenikin, Potentialities of a low-energy detector based on 4He evaporation to observe atomic effects in coherent neutrino scattering and physics perspectives, Phys. Rev. D 100 (2019) 073014. [29] A. Popov, A. Studenikin, Manifestations of non-zero Majorana CP violating phases in oscillations of supernova neutrinos, Phys. Rev. D 103 (2021) 115027. [30] D. Aristizabal Sierra, O.G. Miranda, D.K. Papoulias, G. Sanchez Garcia, Neutrino magnetic and electric dipole moments: From measurements to parameter space, Phys.Rev.D 105 (2022) 3, 035027. [31] A.Grigoriev, A.Studenikin, A.Ternov, Neutrino spin states in moving matter and the effect of neutrino spin light Eur.Phys.J.C 82 (2022) 287. [32] A. Khan, Light new physics and neutrino electromagnetic interactions in XENONnT, Phys.Lett. B 837 (2023) 137650. [33] M. Atzori Corona, W. Bonivento, M. Caddedu, N. Cargioli, and F. Dordei, New constraint on neutrino mag-netic moment from LZ dark matter search results, Phys.Rev.D 107 (2023) 053001.