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Staphylococcus aureus causes many dangerous diseases in living organisms. The majority of Staphylococcus aureus strains resistant to antibiotics, so there is a question of finding alternative ways to treat staphylococcal infections. Lytic enzymes of bacteriophages (phage lysines, lysozymes) may be adequate alternative to antibiotics. Since the seventies of the last century, interest of scientists aims at investigation of structure, mechanisms of action, enzymological properties and pharmacokinetics of bacteriophage lytic enzymes (phage endolysines, lysines), which may be regarded as a fundamentally new type of antibacterials. The work was supported by project of Russian Federation Ministry of Education 11.G34.31.0004.