ИСТИНА

The formation and evolution of X-ray binaries in elliptical galaxies is discussed. Population synthesis calculations of HMXB and LMXB evolution with taking into account accretion details onto magnetized rotating neutron stars and black holes in binaries are presented. It is shown that the observed evolution of bright ($\gtrsim 10^{37}$~erg/s) X-ray sources in ellipticals can be reproduced assuming the initial masses of neutron stars in binaries to be 1.25 $M_\odot$ for electron-capture supernovae without kick velocity and distributed within the range $\simeq 1.4-1.7$ solar for core-collapse supernovae with moderate kick velocities $\sim 150-200$~km/s, the initial NS mass being the most crucial parameter. Tests of the LMXB evolution scenarios based on the comparison with the observed properties of galactic LMXBs and symbiotic X-ray binaries are also presented.