ИСТИНА

Ecological studies for different regions can significantly differ depending on the naturalclimatic environments and ways of anthropogenic impact on the natural conditions of geosystem evolution. Prior to the onset of military events in Donbass, the top priority task of the Scientific School of Ecological Botany in the Donetsk State University was phytomonitoring aimed at identifying the industrial impact on natural environments of the area. Since 2014, the existing industrial problems were supplemented by a peculiar type of anthropogenic impact on open ecosystems – military activity. Genotoxicity test of human habitation and living conditions is frequently used in ecological inspections. This procedure is of great importance for the restoration and optimization of ecosystems when critical perturbation in their equilibrium was completed. The work used the accumulated experience in analyzing the palynological material of indicator plants and knowledge of growth points (in plant meristems). We used data on the current geochemical contrast in the monitoring network system of Central Donbass, including the results of ingredient analysis using high-precision equipment. Two fundamental (and statistically accessible) criteria for the genotoxicity of the environment were identified: 1) according to the degree of deformation of pollen grains as the most sensitive biomarker to aeropollutants; 2) according to the level of abortive and degradative processes of embryotoxic significance, taking into account indicator structures in the structure of the embryonic (embryonic structure in seeds and fruits) apparatus of the studied plant species. The following plant species were used in the palynological experiment: Centaurea diffusa Lam., Cichorium intybus L., Diplotaxis muralis (L.) DC., Echium vulgare L., Senecio vulgaris L. When establishing the embryonic characteristics of indicator plants, the following plant species were used: Berteroa incana (L.) DC., Centaurea diffusa Lam., Cichorium intybus L., Plantago major L., Reseda lutea L., Senecio vulgaris L., Tanacetum vulgare L., Tripleurospermum inodorum (L.) Sch. Bip. The threshold value for establishing genotoxicity according to the palynological criterion was empirically established to be 17% of the analysis of the entire sample of plants from a particular registration site, for embryonic test systems – 16%. In 2022-2023 radically new scenarios of geochemical migration activity and toxic manifestations in plants were recorded compared to those implemented previously (before 2014 and 2014-2021).