ИСТИНА

Instrumental and integrative language attitudes hold significant importance and require detailed examination, as they are essential for understanding the future trends in languages’ viability. Persistent attitudes among speakers can profoundly influence the language policy decisions, education curriculum, social interactions, and the overall future functionality of languages. Language attitudes have a lasting effect on the language prestige and, consequently, language competence, ultimately influencing the distribution of the types of speakers in a community. The distribution of speaker types based on language competence: - high and average level of language competence: fluent speakers and semi-speakers; - average and low level of language competence: passive bilinguals, rememberers, neo-speakers, new speakers; - low level of language competence: ghost speakers, terminal speakers, partial speakers; - varying level of language competence: hereditary speakers, asymmetrical bilinguals, early bilinguals. The aim of the study is to examine the existing instrumental and integrative language attitudes of five languages of the Russian Federation, identifying the factors that might aid in estimating the security of the transmission of studied languages across generations. The study was performed on the material of the questionnaire survey which was conducted among the speakers of the five languages: Ingush, Kalmyk, Tatar, Chechen and Yakut languages, with the answers grouped into two age categories. The primary purpose of the research was to identify the differences in responses on the studied parameters between two age groups of respondents, which could potentially lead to changes in the current intergenerational transmission of the languages under study. To achieve this, the age groups selected were those aged 30 to 65 years (the older group) and those younger than 30 years (the younger group). A second objective of the study was to make a prognosis on the possible changes in the speaker types within the communities.