ИСТИНА

It was found that all the studied soils of the natural landscapes are characterized by low content of bitumiods, which concentrations does not normally exceed 50 mg/kg, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), the amounts of which seldom exceed 0.01 mg/kg. Bitumiods are, in most cases, relate to light or oily-resinous type with the traces of oxidation. The PAHs in the soils of natural landscapes mainly consist of 2-3 nuclear molecules – fluorine, biphenyl and phenanthrene. The study of soils in technogenic-modified landscapes showed that the formation of technogenic HSS happen in two main ways. The first way is the direct introduction of hydrocarbons to the soil when they are mechanically mixed with the solid-phase waste of production or spills of oil and oil products on the surface (injection type HSS). The second way: deposition of aerosols on the soil surface from the atmosphere (the atmosphere-sediment type). The injection type was characterized by a high content of both PAH and bitumoids throughout the soil profile, while the atmosphere-sedimentation type was distinguished by near-surface accumulation in soils mainly polyarenes, including carcinogenic benzo(a)pyrene.