ИСТИНА

One of the most interesting features of marine invertebrates is their ability to quick and filly restore different tissues and organs after injuries. The common sea star Asterias rubens (Echinodermata) like most echinoderms, is able to undergo extensive regeneration of lost body parts. To prevent infections and maintain homeostasis during such traumatic events, the healing and repair processes of injured tissues need to occur rapidly. Coelomocytes, which are present in large numbers in the coelomic fluid, take part in wound healing by migrating to the injury site and prevent bleeding by clotting. The aim of our work was to examine the action of echinoderms protein factors on mammalian cells and tissues. The effect of sea star coelomic liquid proteins on initial stages of tissue regeneration was studied on mammalian cell cultures, sea star coelomic epithelium explants in culture and on mammalian wound model. The expreimental wounds were made on sea stars and dynamics of protein content at 0-3 days after wounding was determined by 1D and 2D phoreses and zymography. Antibodies were made against studied proteins. Proliferative, adhesive and cytotoxic properties of proteins were also tested on coelomocytes/blood cells of marine invertebrates. The effect of tested factors on mammalian wound healing were determined on rats. All experiments were made on biological station Kartesh (White Sea, Russia) and in Institute of Cytology (Russia). We studied the dynamics of coelomic liquid protein composition at 1-3 days after wounding and show a large number of peptides, disappearing with time. The effect of these factors on adhesion, survival, migration and proliferation of different mammalian cell cultures depended on the origin and transformation rate of cell cultures. Antibodies to tested sea star proteins allows to show the process of secretion by coelomocytes at 0-3 days after wounding. The proliferative and adhesive properties of three groups of wounded starfish coelomic fluid proteins were also tested on coelomocytes/blood cells of three groups of invertebrates - echinoderms Asterias rubens, mollusks Mytilus edulis and tunicates Ciona intestinalis. The antimicrobial properties were tested for Gram-negative bacterium Vibrio parahaemolyticus. The results showed that the effect of protein factors appearing in Asterias rubens coelomic fluid after injury on mammal cells and tissues was similar to the effect of these factors on marine invertebrates cells and tissues. This suggests that echinoderms proteins can be used for study of regeneration processes in mammals, particularly humans.