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The aim of this work is investigation of mechanical properties of fiberglass and carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) standard plain specimens under shear and bend loading before and after external actuating factors and high temperatures were applied. Research of physical-mechanical properties of sandwich panels with a tubular filler made from fiberglass and CFRP under tension and compression loading before and after special environments and high temperatures (100ᵒC, 150ᵒC) were applied too. Groups of fiberglass and CFRP specimens were soaked in water, oil, gas, hydraulic fluid and petroleum solvent. This work contains analysis of impact contaminants environments and high temperatures on the mechanical properties of polymer fiber composite materials and structures. The methodological issues of using modern test equipment for studying the properties of composite materials and structures were considered. Tests were carried out on the universal electromechanical test system Instron 5882 with temperature camber (-100ᵒC - +350ᵒC) and advanced video extensometer. The work presents results of mechanical tests of fiberglass and CFRP specimens: transverse bending and interlaminar shear (short beam method), sandwich panels under tension and compression loading. The effect of external polluting operating and high temperature on mechanical properties of polymer fiber composite materials and structures was estimated. Stress-strain diagrams were obtained in tests.