Описание:The topic of the proposed specialized course is devoted to terrestrial ecosystems which are usually not so well covered during the study of general ecology by students, as compared to marine ecosystems. Besides many of the key fundamental notions of contemporary ecology as a science, were evolved and formulated exactly during the investigations of terrestrial ecosystems. In particular, this concerns the central “biome” concept, successions of the communities, notion of climax, biosphere functions of soil cover and many other central ecological problems and focuses. The focus of the special course is centered on the detailed description of the specific, as compared to marine and oceanic ecosystems, internal and external abiotic factors and controls of terrestrial ecosystems, such as wind speed and direction, temperature of air and soil, water regime, relief and natural fires.