ИСТИНА

Проект направлен на комплексное изучение эволюционной и сравнительной морфологии, репродуктивной биологии, особенностей развития цветка в критических группах однодольных растений.

The project is aimed at a comprehensive study of evolutionary and comparative morphology, reproductive biology, features of flower development in critical groups of monocotyledonous plants. The formulation of most of the problems is associated with new data and generalizations obtained by our group over the past three years, and with new scientific questions that have arisen in the process. At the same time, the tasks set are new and fairly large-scale, and we expect that their solution will provide an opportunity to approach the publication of important scientific materials that will be of interest to a wide range of specialists in monocotyledonous plants and floras of particular territories. We plan to maintain the multidisciplinary nature of our research, to use a wide range of scientific methods and approaches, and to involve representatives of various orders of monocotyledonous plants in the study. In the course of the project, it is planned to assess the prospects of using carpological characters for identification of representatives of the taxonomically complicated Acorus calamus s.l. complex (Acoraceae, Acorales) and to apply methods of plastid phylogenetics and phylogenomics to clarify the issues of evolution of this group. This will provide new results that are important for understanding the diversification of the order Acorales, a likely sister group to all other modern monocotyledonous plants. The project assumes clarification of the concepts of the early evolution of the cotyledon apparatus of monocotyledonous plants, since within its framework the study of the structural features of the cotyledons in representatives of two early divergent orders (Acorales and Alismatales) will be carried out. It is expected to obtain new structural and molecular phylogenetic data on representatives of the large family Asparagaceae of the order Asparagales based on materials from Asian representatives. A description of a species new to science, and a significant refinement of the ideas on the phylogenetics of certain evolutionary lineages is expected. Special attention will be paid to one of the important taxa of the vast and species-rich clade of commelinoid monocots, the Australian family Dasypogonaceae, which is currently considered as the second (along with the palms) family of the order Arecales. It is supposed to clarify the question of the patterns of the arrangement of flowers in representatives of the genus Dasypogon, taking into account the peculiarities of the relative orientation of flowers and phyllomes belonging to the axes of inflorescences of different orders. A large amount of work will be performed on various groups of the order Poales. In particular, it is proposed to analyze the diversity of types of perianth aestivation in the order Poales and to give an evolutionary interpretation of the observed diversity. The study of the perianth in Poales is of great interest due to the fact that this group includes the most important families of wind-pollinated monocots, including the extremely important family of grasses (Poaceae) for humans, whose representatives are characterized by a significant reduction and modification of the tepals. However, at the same time, some entomophilous representatives of Poales have a well-defined perianth, and, which is generally atypical for monocots, with a clear differentiation into calyx and corolla. The project involves the development of research aimed at clarifying the morphological nature of the gynoecium of grasses and, in particular, their peculiar stigmas, which are initiated in the form of cylindrical structures that do not have a ventral suture. Within the framework of the project, it is planned to obtain more accurate data on the structure of stigmas of representatives of the grade of the closest relatives of grasses within the order Poales. In addition, the project assumes clarification of data on relatives of another large family of wind-pollinated Poales, Cyperaceae. It is planned to obtain detailed information on the variation of the floral vasculature in one of the South American representatives of the family Thurniaceae (related to sedge family), which will make it possible to better understand the structural features and morphological diversity of the gynoecium in this group. This is important for understanding the origin of the peculiar gynoecium of sedges, which has a single ovule, the assignment of which to a particular carpel is not possible. In the course of the project, the problematic issues of interpreting the structure of the sporoderm of pollen grains in representatives of the families Eriocaulaceae (Poales) and Triuridaceae (Pandanales) will be considered. We propose obtaining new results that are important for understanding the limits of the evolutionary variation of pollen grains in monocots in general. Within the framework of the project, it is planned for the first time to obtain detailed information about the features of reproductive biology and the nature of variation in the characteristics of the structure of a flower within a population based on Russian material Calla palustris (Araceae, Alismatales). It is one of the very few members of the family Araceae that go far into the temperate zone of the Northern Hemisphere. At the same time, the monotypic genus Calla, which has a very wide distribution range, has a number of most interesting features. Traditionally, it was considered close to the genera which have a number of archaic features for the family, and later was re-considered as a representative of the proto-aroid group. Molecular phylogenetic data, including recent generalizations in this area, confidently place Calla within the most evolutionarily advanced group of Araceae (subfamily Aroideae). These data suggest that a number of features of Calla, previously considered as plesiomorphies (for example, bisexual flowers), are most likely the result of evolutionary reversals. The data on the pollination of Calla palustris are incomplete and contradictory. The relative importance of anemophily and entomophily in this species remains unclear. Therefore, the observations planned within the framework of our project are relevant. An unusual feature is the wide intraspecific variation in the number of stamens in the flower of Calla palustris; however, this character has been studied in detail only on material from North America. Within the framework of the project, it is planned to obtain new data on this issue on the basis of Russian material.

Новые данные по карпологии и молекулярной филогенетике российских представителей комплекса Acorus calamus s.l. (Acoraceae, Acorales). Данные о строении зародыша семени у трех представителей порядка Alismatales. Подготовка описания одного нового для науки вида рода Peliosanthes (Asparagaceae). Новые данные о ранних стадиях развития цветка у растений Maianthemum dilatatum (Asparagaceae) с территории Российского Дальнего Востока. Описание характера цветорасположения у одного из представителей рода Dasypogon (Dasypogonaceae). Обобщение данных о разнообразии типов почкосложения листочков околоцветника в порядке Poales. Морфологическая интерпретация структуры рылец у представителей каждого из двух родов семейства Ecdeiocoleaceae. Данные о васкулатуре цветка Thurnia polycephala (Thurniaceae). Трехмерная реконструкция структуры спородермы у двух видов рода Eriocaulon (Eriocaulaceae). Выводы о типе опыления изученных растений Calla palustris (Araceae). Эволюционная и таксономическая оценка выявленных особенностей строения и развития цветка у изученного представителя Poaceae-Bambusoideae. Выводы об апертурном типе пыльцевых зерен у Sciaphila (Triuridaceae). Уточнение представлений о происхождении триплоидных представителей рода Acorus. Эволюционная интерпретация данных о разнообразии структуры семядоли в порядках Acorales и Alismatales. Новые обобщения по систематике рода Peliosathes (Asparagaceae) и о направлениях морфологической эволюции признаков строения цветка в данное группе. Выводы о родственных связях дальневосточных представителей рода Maianthemum (Asparagaceae).

Проведен большой объем полевых исследований, в том числе в Алтайском крае, Приморском крае, Московской области, тропической Азии и Австралии, в ходе которых проведены наблюдения и собран материал по разным группам однодольных растений. Обобщены данные о варьировании важнейших признаков строения и развития цветка у однодольных растений, с учетом молекулярно-филогенетических данных выдвинуты гипотезы о направлениях эволюционных преобразований признаков индивидуального развития цветка. Получены новые данные по представителям порядков Acorales, Alismatales, Dioscoreales, Pandanales, Asparagales, Poales.