ИСТИНА

Исследование специфики использования периодической печати как информационно-пропагандистского рупора Российской империи в начале XX века по созданию образа внешнего врага в период нестабильной и напряженной международной обстановки в мире, выявление и анализ технологий, которые использовали в рамках межгосударственного информационного противоборства российские дореволюционные СМИ прошлого столетия, а также изучение возможностей государственной пропаганды по «умиротворению» народных масс внутри страны и направления их внимания и психологической энергии на внешнего врага.

In the modern world, mass media are not only a source of information, but also an effective tool of informational influence on human consciousness. Thanks to print and electronic mass media, any state in the world can become a subject of information warfare, which in turn in the XXI century has become one of the key elements of foreign policy, including at the global level. Currently, any major political, military or military-political confrontation (for example, a special military operation of the armed forces of the Russian Federation in Ukraine, the Syrian crisis, the Georgian-South Ossetian conflict of 2008, etc.) has been accompanied by an information war in which the leading role belongs to the «fourth power». At the beginning of the XX century, the media also played a significant role in the informational impact on people's minds. Even then, the leading states of the world (Great Britain, France, Germany, the USA, Russia and Japan) began to actively use the press as a government mouthpiece. On the pages of newspapers and magazines of these countries, images of enemies were often created, pleasing to the ruling authorities and elites, and also, if necessary, some events and historical facts were distorted. This project is aimed at researching and analyzing the features of the activities of the periodical press of the Russian Empire of the last century to form the image of an external enemy in the mass consciousness of Russian society at a time when the international situation in the world was quite heated, and Russia had to take part in two major military clashes: the Russian-Japanese War of 1904-1905 and the First World War. In our opinion, the appeal to the study and analysis of the specifics of the creation and dissemination of the image of an external enemy by the Russian pre-revolutionary mass media of the beginning of the XX century will allow us to identify and comprehend a number of important patterns (features) on the use of mass media in propaganda campaigns and information wars, as well as to identify the features of state propaganda to "appease" the masses inside the country and the direction of their attention and psychological energy on an external enemy. Within the framework of this project, a comprehensive study of the features of the use of the periodical press as an information and propaganda mouthpiece of the Russian Empire at the beginning of the XX century will be carried out to create an image of an external enemy in a period of unstable and tense international situation in the world. Special attention will be paid to the study of technologies that were used in the framework of the interstate information confrontation by the Russian media of that time period. During the project implementation, it is planned to use a wide range of sources: materials of Russian official, pro-government (conservative) and opposition (primarily liberal and socialist) newspapers («Government Bulletin», «Russian Invalid», «Russia», «Courier», «Speech», «Pravda», «Star», «Our Word», «People's Bulletin», «Thought», etc.) and magazines («Niva», «Satyricon», «Blue Magazine», «The Chronicle of the War with Japan», «The Chronicle of the war of 1914-1917», «World Review», «Bulletin of Europe», «Russian thought», «Our business», «Our dawn», «The Modern world», etc.).

По итогам работы над проектом будет опубликовано 12 статей в научных журналах, в том числе 8 в изданиях, индексируемых в Scopus и/или Web of Science и/или RSCI, сделано 8 докладов на научных конференциях международного и/или всероссийского уровня, создана и зарегистрирована 1 база данных. Результаты работы над проектом будут иметь прикладное значение и могут быть использованы в практике преподавания университетских курсов «История Россия, 1894–1917 гг.», «История Нового времени», «История отечественной журналистики» и др.