Аннотация:Multiple studies of the solar wind flow under the bow shock, near and under the magnetopause made it possible to obtain a more or less accurate picture of such flow. However, the understanding of the processes of formation of magnetosheath turbulence and magnetopause are only at the first stages of extensive study. Such situation is connected to the use of the frozen-in condition and the approximation of the magnetopause as a rigid impenetrable surface during modeling the magnetosheath magnetic field and plasma flow. We analyze the reasons leading to the use of such approximations and show that it was connected to the insufficient attention to the conditions of pressure balance at the magnetopause and conditions leading to ion penetration through the magnetopause. These conditions are different in the cases of high and low shears of the magnetic field at the magnetopause. We studied the properties of the ion spectra in both sides of the magnetopause for the cases of low and high magnetic shears. We show that it is possible to observe high shear and low shear magnetopause crossings independently on the magnetic field direction in the solar wind, which is the natural consequence of the development of magnetosheath turbulence. Our studies also show that using bi-kappa approximation of ion spectra is the very effective tool for the study of ion penetration through the magnetopause. It was found that the fitting parameters of the ion spectra for high and low shears of the magnetic field differ significantly. We found that particle can freely penetrate through magnetopause when its gyroradius, determined by the value of the magnetic field under the magnetopause, is comparable with the magnetopause thickness. We analyzed the role of the change of magnetic field inside the magnetosphere in the change of the magnetopause form and position. We also show that the value of plasma pressure under the magnetopause determines the configuration of currents inside the magnetosphere.