Аннотация:Polyploid cells exist in all mammalian tissues where they were searched. In physiological conditions polyploidy is a part of development and differentiation programs. In stressful condition it may promote pathological processes, including carcinogenesis. Currently, the impact of polyploidy on morphogenetic processes remains almost unstudied. To address this issue, we developed an integrative bioinformatic approach consisting in a pairwise cross species transcriptome comparison of homologous mammalian tissues with various degrees of polyploidy (Human and mouse heart and liver). Our data indicated that polyploidy activates gene modules of embryogenesis and impairs gene modules of differentiation. Polyploidy activated genes were enriched (i.e., were presented above the random level) in GO biological processes and in KEGG pathways related to organism development, morphogenesis, and stem cell biology (including the pathways of Hippo, Pi3K, WNT, Hedgehog, and TGF-ß signaling), whereas polyploidy inhibited genes were enriched in gene modules related to differentiation. The structure and composition of the protein interaction networks constructed for polyploidy regulated genes confirmed the results of gene module analysis. Thus, our results demonstrate that somatic cell polyploidy can regulate the modules of organism development by increasing their activity.