Аннотация:Extensive geological and geophysical surveying, including data acquisition
along the 1-EU (1st European Geotraverse across Russian Platform) and TATSEIS
(Tatarstan Seismic) geotraverses, cross-traverse 4B, seismic profi les URSEIS (Urals
Seismic Experiment and Integrated Studies) and ESRU-2003–2005 (Europrobe Seismic
Refl ection profi ling in the Urals) in the territory of Russia, as well as the FIRE
(Finnish Refl ection Experiment) project in Finland and the DOBRE (Donbas Basin
region deep seismic Refl ection profi ling) geotraverse in Ukraine performed in 1995–
2008, has contributed much new information for understanding the deep crustal structure
and geological history of the Early Precambrian (3.5–1.8 Ga) crust of the eastern
Fennoscandian Shield and the basement of the East European Platform. Threedimensional
(3D) models of the deep crustal structure of key tectonic units and the
territory as a whole are presented for the fi rst time. We have attempted to reconstruct
the complete succession of geological events from comprehensive analysis of previously
and newly obtained information, primarily common midpoint (CMP) data, which
made it possible to obtain detailed images of the deep crustal structure. A key outcome
is a 3D model (block diagram) of the East European craton crustal structure based on
the 1-EU and TATSEIS geotraverses, 4B, FIRE-1, and FIRE-4 profiles.
In addition, this volume presents results of geological, geochemical, petrological,
and geochronological investigations of unique Mesoarchean–Neoarchean eclogites
in the Belomorian province. Reconsideration of currently accepted concepts of
the geodynamic setting of granulite metamorphism and the origin of granulite-gneiss
belts leads to a new approach to this problem. We conclude that regional granulitegneiss
belts are as much evidence of mantle plumes as are large igneous provinces.
The enormous arcuate, 3500-km-long, late Paleoproterozoic Lapland–Mid-
Russia–South Baltia intracontinental orogen is heterogeneous in structure. The marginal
zones, made up of low-grade metavolcanic and metasedimentary rocks, are
regarded as suture zones that arose at the site of closed ephemeral oceans. In the
present-day structure, the sutures are expressed in packets of tectonic sheets, which
are traced from the surface to the crust-mantle interface. The inner part of the orogen
is dominated by synformal granulite-gneiss belts.
The oval intracontinental orogens are considered to be a new type of large tectonic
structural unit, with involvement of granulite-gneiss belts and terranes, formed
under the effect of large mantle plumes. The style of tectonic processes and geodynamic
setting in the Neoarchean–Paleoproterozoic differed from those in the Paleoarchean
to Mesoarchean and in the Phanerozoic. However paradoxical it might sound,
the Archean tectonics of numerous miniplates resembled Phanerozoic plate tectonics
much more than Neoarchean–Paleoproterozoic supercontinent tectonics.
An appendix includes geological, tectonic, and petrophysical maps (1:2,000,000
and 1:2,500,000 scale); seismic and interpretational geological cross sections
(1:1,000,000 scale); and 3D representations of large tectonic structures of the East
European craton. The total length of these cross sections is more than 4000 km.