Soil Microbial Communities of Eastern Antarcticaстатья
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Дата последнего поиска статьи во внешних источниках: 10 апреля 2019 г.
Аннотация:Abstract
—Investigation of microbial communities of Antarctica soils is a very important field of research that
expands our knowledge of microbial participation in primary soil formation and specific features of their
communities in extreme habitats, and it is of considerable interest in directed search of for microorganisms
as potential biotechnological objects. The results of long-term (2012–2017) complex studies on soil microbial
communities of the Russian East Antarctica polar stations at Shirmakher oasis (Novolazarevskaya station),
the Larsemann Hills (Progress station), and the Tala Hills (Molodezhnaya station) are presented in this
review. The assessment of biomass of soil microorganisms by the methods of direct microscopy has been carried
out for the first time for this region. The general amount of microbial biomass is small; the fungi dominate
(77–99%). The unique features of Antarctic soils are the high content and morphological diversity of
small forms of microorganisms: fungi are presented by mainly single-celled structures (small spores and
yeasts), while bacteria by ultrafine (filtering) forms. At the same time, microorganisms can significantly contribute
to such important ecological functions of soil as the emission of greenhouse gases, especially during
the warm season with the stable positive temperatures of the soil. This should be considered during creation
of models and forecasts of global warming. The use of various isolation techniques for the analysis of the soil
microbial population, together with the succession approach, significantly expand the information about taxonomic
diversity of cultivated fungi and bacteria in Antarctica soils.
Keywords: Antarctica, soil, bacteria, fungi, biomass of microorganisms, biological activity