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Половой диморфизм продолжительности жизни у человека: современные тенденциистатья
- Авторы: Будилова Е.В., Лагутин М.Б., Мигранова Л.А.
- Журнал: //ИЗВЕСТИЯ ИНСТИТУТА АНТРОПОЛОГИИ МГУ [Электронный ресурс] / Е.З. Година (отв. ред.) и др. М.: НИИ и Музей антропологии
- Том: 4
- Год издания: 2018
- Первая страница: 13
- Последняя страница: 14
- Аннотация: Sexual dimorphism of lifespan occurs in many species of organisms, and in most cases, females live longer than males [Bronikowski et al., 2011]. In human populations (with the exception of a few countries), women also have a higher lifespan than men. According to one hypothesis, gender differences in lifespan were formed in the process of human evolution and are associated with different ecological roles of men and women, in particular, in the process of producing offspring [Teriokhin, Budilova, 2000]. However, the living conditions (geographic, climatic, socio-economic, lifestyle) leave their mark on these processes. On average in the world, the difference in the lifespan of men and women is 7% [Teriokhin et al., 2004], but in some countries it deviates from the general trend. For example, in 2016 [The World Bank], the highest indicators of sexual dimorphism of lifespan were observed in the Syrian Arab Republic (12 years), the Republic of Lithuania and the Republic of Seychelles (11 years), the Republic of Belarus, the Republic of Latvia, the Russian Federation and the Republic of Estonia (10 years). In recent years, there has been a positive trend in Russia in reducing this indicator. If in 2006 the absolute dimorphism of lifespan was 12.7 years, then by 2016 it decreased to 10.4 years, that is, by 18.1%. The same positive dynamics can be traced in all Russian federal districts, but the speed of these processes is different. The greatest differences in the lifespan of men and women in 2006 were observed in the Volga FD (13.4 years), and the smallest - in the North Caucasian FD (10.2 years). In 2016, the Siberian Federal District (11.4 years) was among the outsiders, while in the North Caucasian Federal District, the smallest differences in the lifespan of men and women (7.5 years) were observed. The main contribution to maintaining a high difference in lifespan for men and women in Russia as a whole is made by mortality from external causes, alcoholism and the climatic factor. A study of the relationship between sexual dimorphism of lifespan of men and women with the incidence of the main classes of diseases showed that a significant correlation was observed only with neoplasms and the incidence of alcoholism and alcoholic psychosis. No significant correlation was found with the other classes of diseases.
- Добавил в систему: Будилова Елена Вениаминовна