Soilscapes in the dynamic tropical environments: The case of Sierra Madre del Surстатья
Статья опубликована в высокорейтинговом журнале
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Статья опубликована в журнале из списка Web of Science и/или Scopus
Дата последнего поиска статьи во внешних источниках: 18 июля 2013 г.
Аннотация:The paper gives an analysis of the pattern of soil cover of the Sierra Madre del Sur, one of the most complex physiographic regions of Mexico. It presents the results of the study of four latitudinal traverses across the region. The sequence of the ecosystems and soils of the first traverse was the following: 1 - Cambisols and Regosols under tropical deciduous forests, 2 - Alisols, Cambisols and Phaeozems under tropical semideciduous forests, 3 - Luvisols under pine and pine-oak forests, 4 - Umbrisols under coniferous forests, 5 - Fluvisols and Regosols under xerophytic shrubland, 6 - Entic Podzols under elfin forest and mountain meadows, 7 - Folic Stagnic Podzols and Folic Stagnosols of the upper montane cloud forests, 8 - Folic Cambisols (Hyperdystric) of the lower montane cloud forests, 9 - Ferralsols and Ferralic Cambisols under potential tropical rain forest. The second traverse had the sequence: Rendzic Leptosols and Rendzic Phaeozems under deciduous tropical forests, 2 - Cambisols and Regosols under matorral, 3 - Luvisols under pine-oak forests, 4 - Ferralsols and Ferralic Cambisols under semideciduous tropical forests, 5 - Phaeozems and Cambisols under deciduous tropical forests. The third traverse crossed: 1 - Phaeozems, Cambisols and Regosols under deciduous tropical forests, 2 - Luvisols, Cambisols and Leptosols under pine-oak forests. The forth traverse had the sequence: 1 - Luvisols and Cambisols under semideciduous tropical forests, 2 - Andosols under pine-oak forests; 3 - Cambisols and Phaeozems under deciduous tropical forests. We showed that the distribution of soils in the Sierra Madre del Sur is associated with major climatic gradients, namely by vertical bioclimatic zonality in the mountains and by the effect of mountain. Altitudinal distribution of soil-bioclimatic belts is complex due to non-uniform distribution of temperature and rainfall gradients, and vary with the escarpment configuration. The distribution of soils is associated with the erosion and accumulation rates both on mountain slopes and in river valleys. The abundance of poorly developed soils in (semi)arid areas was ascribed to high erosion rate rather than to low pedogenetic potential. The formation of soil mosaic in larger scale might be ascribed to the complex net of gulley erosion and to a system of seismically triggered landslides of various ages. In the valleys, the distribution of soils depends upon the dynamics of sedimentation and erosion, which eventually exposes paleosols. Redcoloured clayey sediments are remains of ancient weathering and pedogenesis. Their distribution is associated mainly with the intensity of recent slope processes. The soil cover pattern of the Sierra Madre del Sur cannot be explained by simplified schemes of bioclimatic zonality. The distribution of soil ranges should be explained both by the distribution of climates, lithology, complex geological history of the region, and by recent geomorphological processes.