Аннотация:This paper summarises the results obtained on a lab scale level in 2005-2007 under development and optimisation of a new nitrogen removal process called DEAMOX (DEnitrifying AMmonium OXidation) for treatment of strong nitrogenous wastewater. The concept of this process combines the recently discovered anammox (anaerobic ammonium oxidation) reaction with denitrifying conditions for generation of nitrite from nitrate. Both the autotrophic (sulphide driven) and heterotrophic (organics driven) modifications of the DEAMOX process are reviewed with regard to process performance as well as outcome of competition for nitrite between anammox and denitritation. Some microbiological characteristics of the unique DEAMOX sludges formed during long term runs are also discussed.