The influence of acid modification on the structure of montmorillonites andsurface properties of bentonitesстатья
Статья опубликована в высокорейтинговом журнале
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Дата последнего поиска статьи во внешних источниках: 10 апреля 2019 г.
Аннотация:Bentonites are often used as components of engineered barrier systems (EBS) for the radioactive waste disposal
and isolation of hazardous nuclear facilities. In this paper, we consider possible transformations of the composition,
structure and properties of bentonites when they are used as EBS components during the decommissioning
of open pools with liquid radioactive waste (LRW). Operating conditions were modeled by the
treatment with nitric acid at different durations (from 1 to 6 h), concentrations (from 1 to 8 M) and temperatures
(20and 90°C). Nitric acid was chosen because it is used in the preparation procedure of LRW for isolation. To
assess the intensity of transformations, bentonites with a high content of Al- and Fe-rich montmorillonites were
selected. The work revealed effects of interlayer modification, leaching of octahedral cations, changes of the
grain size distribution, specific surface area and weakening of surface basicity. It was also shown that temperature
has a stronger effect on the structural transformation of montmorillonite than acid concentration and
treatment duration. Formation of Al hydroxy-interlayered (HI) layers was observed due to the treatment with the
nitric acid of lower concentration (1 M). The effect of a higher concentration at the same treatment duration and
temperature leads to a more intensive leaching of Al from the octahedral sheets and protonation of the interlayer,
which prevents the formation of Al hydroxy-interlayered (HI) layers. CO2 desorption after the nitric acid
treatment decreases significantly, maintaining a relatively high value only when the conditions allow the interlayer
to be protonated. Modification of structural and adsorption characteristics due to the acid treatment can
be used to simulate modification of the engineered barriers' properties for a long-term operation in the disposal
of radioactive and toxic wastes.