Аннотация:A Six - Layer One - Dimensional Soil - Vegetation - Atmosphere - Transfer model (SLODSVAT) has been developed and designed to estimate the surface - atmosphere sensible heat, water vapour and carbon dioxide exchanges at the vegetation-atmosphere interface by explicitly formulating ecophysiological, hydrological and meteorological controls in patch oriented scales. The SLODSVAT allows to successfully couple processes on leaf, plant and stand levels and provides a realistic description of surface properties in respect to environmental changes. The general concept makes it possible to apply the SLODSVAT to various vegetation types.
The SLODSVAT consists of interrelated submodels that simulate: the radiation, water vapour, sensible heat, carbon dioxide and momentum transfer in two canopy layers determined by environmental conditions and ecophysiological properties of the vegetation; uptake and storage of water in the "roots-stem-leaves" system of the plants; interception of rainfall by two canopy layers and runoff, infiltration and storage of rain water in four soil layers.
A comparison of the results of modelling experiments and field microclimatic observations in a spruce forest (Picea abies [L].Karst) in the Solling hills (Germany) shows, that the SLODSVAT can describe and simulate the short-term and long-term (from one hour to several months) variability of water vapour and sensible heat fluxes adequately to natural processes under different environmental conditions. It proves that it is possible to estimate and predict the transpiration and evapotranspiration rates for spruce forest ecosystems on the patch scale for one vegetation period, if certain meteorological, botanical and hydrological information for the structure of the atmospheric boundary layer, the canopy and the soil are available.