Местоположение издательства:[Irvine, CA], United States
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Аннотация:As a result of the Aral Sea shrinkage, the unique freshwater body has given
place to a huge bitter-saline lake with an area 3.5 times less, volume 6 times
less and water salinity 10 times larger than in 1960, and the saline desert at
the interface between three sand deserts with an area of more than 5 million
ha, being unstable ecological zone. The exposed ground is illustrative of arid
salt-accumulation, where was created specific type of soil-costal solonchak.
The origination of life in the soil of the dried bed starts long before the occurrence
of external characteristics. This process can be traced only by studying
the microbiological composition of soil. Research in this direction, was
conducted in order to determine the microbiological composition of soil for
horizons of one typical profile of solonchak. The research objective was to
determine microorganism species in the soil on the dried seabed, identify
changes in the microorganism community along the soil profile and dependence
on duration of the drying process. Additionally, we paid attention to a
vegetation effect on the composition of microorganisms. Soil samples were
taken along a transect from the sea to the mainland, selected from the different
depth of soil profiles taken under or near plant (saxaul). The method Gas
chromatography mass-spectrometry was used. Bacteria of the community of
microorganisms in different parts of the soil cover on the dried seabed of the
Aral Sea and on the mainland belong to five bacterial phyla: Proteobacteria
Actinobacteria Firmicutes Bacteroidetes and Deinococcus-Thermus. In general,
59 bacterial species of 43 genera were reconstructed. The total population
varied from 105 cells/g to 108 cells/g of the soil. The association Aeromonas
hydrophila -Arthrobacter sp. played the key role at the first stages of the
soil formation process on the dried seabed of the Aral Sea. This association is
followed by salt-resistant Agrobacterium sp. and humus-accumulating Pro-