Аннотация:Traditional diagnostic meristics and several newly elaborated morphological characters (craniological indices and the shape of gill rakers) were analyzed in 19 sturgeon species to elucidate whether or not there is any support for the hypothesis of a single polyploidization event in sturgeon evolution. Most characters were found to be distributed mosaiclike within two Acipenserid lineages with different chromosome numbers, a few characteristics being specific for one or several species, but not for any lineage as a whole. Thus, there is no
morphological support for the hypothesis of a common origin of polyploid sturgeon species; the morphological data agree with multiple polyploidization. Moreover, the morphological resemblance of some sturgeons may reflect the same ecological adaptations to benthic feeding and not their close affinity. According to craniological analysis, A. naccarii and A. gueldenstaedtii seem to be closely related species, and A. brevirostrum is very similar to these two species, as well as to A. persicus, a result which is in good correspondence with recent genetic
data. In several comparisons, A. gueldenstaedtii appeared to be more similar to A. naccarii than to A. persicus. This study demonstrates new characters for identification of these species, applicable to small specimens and to museum materials