Аннотация:A physically-based model of the hydrothermal regime of frozen soil
has been developed. This model describes the process of coupled heat and
moisture transfer through homogeneous, unsaturated frozen soil and accounts
for the influence of phase changes on water flow. The process is formulated as
one-dimensional partial differential equations, which are solved by an implicit,
finite difference scheme. The model parameters are formulated through the
water retention, hydraulic conductivity and freezing point depression curve of
frozen soil, which, in turn, have been determined using the basic soil
characteristics available from soil surveys. The model has been tested on the
basis of both laboratory and field measurements. The results obtained have
demonstrated an ability of the model to predict, without intensive calibration
procedure, snowmelt runoff losses for infiltration.