Аннотация:The philosophy of Marxism had a particularly tangible impact on the Russian philosophical and socio-political thought of the end of the XIX century. Among the many Marxist constructions in the culture philosophy field, works of G.V. Plekhanov, A.A. Bogdanov, M.N. Pokrovsky, A.V. Lunacharsky, I.I. Joffe, F.I. Schmidt, and N.N. Punin are highlighted. The reader is offered a comparative analysis of the understanding of the phenomenon of culture in various currents of "Russian Marxism". The article analyzes the philosophical and cultural ideas of G.V. Plekhanov as the theoretical foundation of the Marxist concept of culture, as well as the philosophical and cultural views of V.I. Lenin, which had a decisive influence on the development of the Marxist science of culture.