Tourmaline of the Solnechnoe tin deposit, Khabarovsk Kraiстатья
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Аннотация:Tourmaline from the Solnechnoe hydrothermal granitoid-related tin deposit in the Khabarovsk
Krai, Russian Far East has been studied with electron microprobe, and infrared and Mössbauer
spectroscopy. Tourmalines formed during three stages differ in the type of chemical substitution.
Tourmaline of the first unmineralized stage is classified as dravite or schorl, which could be
locally enriched in Ca, X-site vacancy, and F. This tourmaline is characterized by the Fe ↔
Mg and X-vacancy + Al ↔ Na + Fe substitutions. The second molybdenum-stage tourmaline
is schorl-dravite and fluor-schorl—fluor-dravite enriched in Ca and a few compositions
belong to the calcic group. The predominant substitution is Ca + Mg ↔ Na + Al. The third
tin-stage tourmaline is classified as schorl-dravite with some tourmalines being fluor-schorl, oxy-schorl, foitite and magnesio-foitite. The tin-stage tourmaline is characterized by the
substitutions Fe2+ ↔ Mg, Altot + O2- ↔ Fe2+ + OH-, and Fe3+ ↔ Altot. Increase of Fe3+/Fetot
value from 3-9% in the molybdenum-stage to 12-16% in the tin-stage tourmalines indicates
increase of oxidation potential, which possibly contributed to cassiterite deposition. The
comparison of tourmalines from greisen, porphyry, and intrusion-related tin deposits worldwide
shows their difference in the primary chemical substitutions that can characterized this. The
Fe3+/Fetot value in tourmaline also appears to be considered as one of the indications for tin
deposit type. It increases from below 10% in greisen tourmaline through 15% in tourmaline from
intrusion-related deposits to 20% in tourmaline from porphyry deposits