Аннотация:The diatom genus Prestauroneis Bruder & Medlin 2008 was described on the basis of a combined molecular and morphological approach. The species investigated, P. integra (W. Smith) Bruder in Bruder & Medlin (2008), was outside the clade of Stauroneis, and showed morphological differences from Navicula Bory sensu stricto and Stauroneis Ehrenberg. Prestauroneis remained a monotypic genus up to the description of P. tumida by Levkov (2011) from the ancient Lake Ohrid (Levkov & Williams 2011). In 2014, Liu et al. described two new species in the genus from China. These were P. nenwai Q. Liu, Q.X. Wang & Kociolek (2014) and P. lowei Q. Liu, Q.X. Wang & Kociolek (2014). Additionally, two new combinations were made in this manuscript including Prestauroneis protracta (Grunow ex Cleve) Q. Liu & Kociolek and P. protractoides (Hustedt) Q. Liu & Kociolek. Previously these two species were placed to the genus Parlibellus Cox by Witkowski et al. (2000) as Parlibellus protracta (Grunow) Witkowski, Lange-Bertalot & Metzeltin and Parlibellus protractoides (Hustedt) Witkowski, Lange-Bertalot & Metzeltin. Subsequently, the transfer of Navicula protracta Grunow to the genus Prestauroneis was validated by Kulikovskiy et al. 2016 (as Prestauroneis protracta (Grunow) Kulikovskiy & Glushchenko 2016) because an incorrect basionym was cited in Liu et al. (2014). Morphological features of species from the genus are discussed. New species is described. Biogeography of species is discussed on the basis literature and personal data.